Sulfosuccinimidyl 6-(4’-azido-2’-nitrophenylamino) hexanoate

Sulfosuccinimidyl 6-(4′-azido-2′-nitrophenylamino) hexanoate, commonly known as Sulfo-SANPAH, is a water-soluble, heterobifunctional crosslinker widely used by laboratory researchers for biochemical applications, particularly for the bioconjugation of proteins and any other biomolecules. It is particularly valuable for surface functionalization biomaterials, cell culture studies, and drug delivery systems. Structurally, Sulfo SANPAH contains an N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) ester, which reacts selectively with primary amines in proteins, forming stable amide bonds. Additionally, it features a photoreactive azido group that, upon UV-light exposure, forms highly reactive nitrene species. These nitrenes can insert into C-H and N-H bonds, allowing for robust covalent attachment of biomolecules to diverse surfaces.

Due to these dual reactivity properties, Sulfo-SANPAH is instrumental in modifying surfaces with proteins, peptides, and other biomolecules, making it indispensable in bioengineering and materials science. One of its key applications is in the functionalization of polymeric hydrogels, such as polyacrylamide, to promote cell adhesion. Sulfo SANPAH also enables precise surface functionalization of PEG hydrogels, optimizing protein conjugation for biomimetic applications. Ideal for low-density PEG-DA networks, it provides a controlled interface for enhanced stem cell interactions and scaffold integration in regenerative medicine.

Sulfosuccinimidyl 6-(4′-azido-2′-nitrophenylamino) hexanoate plays a key role in advanced biomaterial research, driving innovation in functionalized hydrogel coatings. Its reactivity supports the development of dynamic, stimuli-responsive surfaces for next-generation biomaterials. Such innovations hold significant promise in immunomodulatory biomaterials, aiding in the controlled regulation of immune responses.

In drug delivery research, Sulfo-SANPAH is utilized to functionalize micro- and nanoscale hydrogel systems. These chemically modified hydrogels exhibit tunable bioadhesive properties, crucial for site-specific drug targeting and sustained release applications. By enabling precise attachment of therapeutic agents to biomaterial carriers, Sulfo SANPAH plays a crucial role in research on localized drug administration, particularly in cancer therapy and regenerative medicine.

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